IMB consists of 5 research and 1 administrative departments, 3 independent research laboratories, 1 GMP/GLP licensed laboratory, animal house, workshop, etc.

The five research departments of IMB are: Gene Regulations (Prof. I. Ivanov), Molecular Biology of Cell Cycle (Prof. B. Anachkova), Chromatin Structure and Function (Assoc. Prof. E. Pasheva), Molecular Neurobiology (Assoc. Prof. E. Simeonov) and Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design (Prof. E. Golovinski).

The three research laboratories of IMB are: Yeast Genetics (Assoc. Prof G. Miloshev, Bioactive Peptides (Assoc. Prof. T. Paypanova) and Laboratory for Medical and Biological Research (Assoc. Prof. M. Apostolova).